英文字典中文字典


英文字典中文字典51ZiDian.com



中文字典辞典   英文字典 a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z       







请输入英文单字，中文词皆可：

quine    音标拼音: [kw'ɑɪn]
Quine
n 1: United States philosopher and logician who championed an
empirical view of knowledge that depended on language
(1908-2001) [synonym: {Quine}, {W. V. Quine}, {Willard Van
Orman Quine}]

/kwi:n/ (After the logician Willard V. Quine,
via Douglas Hofstadter) A program that generates a copy of its
own source text as its complete output. Devising the shortest
possible quine in some given programming language is a common
hackish amusement.

In most interpreted languages, any constant, e.g. 42, is a
quine because it "evaluates to itself". In certain {Lisp}
dialects (e.g. {Emacs Lisp}), the symbols "nil" and "t" are
"self-quoting", i.e. they are both a symbol and also the value
of that symbol. In some dialects, the function-forming
function symbol, "lambda" is self-quoting so that, when
applied to some arguments, it returns itself applied to those
arguments. Here is a quine in {Lisp} using this idea:

((lambda (x) (list x x)) (lambda (x) (list x x)))

Compare this to the {lambda expression}:

(\ x . x x) (\ x . x x)

which reproduces itself after one step of {beta reduction}.
This is simply the result of applying the {combinator} {fix}
to the {identity function}. In fact any quine can be
considered as a {fixed point} of the language's evaluation
mechanism.

We can write this in {Lisp}:

((lambda (x) (funcall x x)) (lambda (x) (funcall x x)))

where "funcall" applies its first argument to the rest of its
arguments, but evaluation of this expression will never
terminate so it cannot be called a quine.

Here is a more complex version of the above Lisp quine, which
will work in Scheme and other Lisps where "lambda" is not
self-quoting:

((lambda (x)
(list x (list (quote quote) x)))
(quote
(lambda (x)
(list x (list (quote quote) x)))))

It's relatively easy to write quines in other languages such
as {PostScript} which readily handle programs as data; much
harder (and thus more challenging!) in languages like {C}
which do not. Here is a classic {C} quine for {ASCII}
machines:

char*f="char*f=%c%s%c;main() {printf(f,34,f,34,10);}%c";
main(){printf(f,34,f,34,10);}

For excruciatingly exact quinishness, remove the interior line
break. Some infamous {Obfuscated C Contest} entries have been
quines that reproduced in exotic ways.

{Ken Thompson}'s {back door} involved an interesting variant
of a quine - a compiler which reproduced part of itself when
compiling (a version of) itself.

[{Jargon File}]

(1995-04-25)

quine: /kwi:n/, n. [from the name of the logician Willard van Orman Quine, via Douglas
Hofstadter] A program that generates a copy of its own source text as its
complete output. Devising the shortest possible quine in some given
programming language is a common hackish amusement. (We ignore some
variants of BASIC in which a program consisting of a single empty string
literal reproduces itself trivially.) Here is one classic quine:

((lambda (x)
  (list x (list (quote quote) x)))
 (quote
    (lambda (x)
      (list x (list (quote quote) x)))))
This one works in LISP or Scheme. It's relatively easy to write
quines in other languages such as Postscript which readily handle programs
as data; much harder (and thus more challenging!) in languages like C
which do not. Here is a classic C quine for ASCII machines:

char*f="char*f=%c%s%c;main()
{printf(f,34,f,34,10);}%c";
main(){printf(f,34,f,34,10);}
For excruciatingly exact quinishness, remove the interior line
breaks. Here is another elegant quine in ANSI C:

#define q(k)main(){return!puts(#k"
q("#k")");}
q(#define q(k)main(){return!puts(#k"
q("#k")");})
Some infamous Obfuscated C Contest entries
have been quines that reproduced in exotic ways. There is an amusing
Quine Home
Page.


请选择你想看的字典辞典：
单词字典翻译
Quine查看　Quine　在百度字典中的解释百度英翻中〔查看〕
Quine查看　Quine　在Google字典中的解释Google英翻中〔查看〕
Quine查看　Quine　在Yahoo字典中的解释Yahoo英翻中〔查看〕

安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!


中文字典英文字典工具:
选择颜色:
输入中英文单字

































































英文字典中文字典相关资料:


  • Apple Crisp Recipe
    This apple crisp recipe bakes a layer of sliced apples with a deliciously crunchy brown sugar and oat topping for a comforting fall dessert
  • Easy Apple Crisp Recipe - Taste of Home
    Simply peel and slice the apples, toss them in sugar and spice, add them to a baking pan and top with a buttery, sweet streusel topping Once baked, this apple crisp is bubbly and warm and begs for a scoop of ice cream
  • The BEST Apple Crisp Recipe - Tastes Better From Scratch
    The best Apple Crisp recipe is made with thinly sliced Granny Smith apples and baked with a cinnamon glaze and oatmeal crumb topping
  • Apple Crisp Recipe - BettyCrocker. com
    When the autumn air turns chilly, this is the go-to apple crisp recipe for over 800 of our fans Fresh and tender, juicy apple slices are perfectly complemented and nestled under a blanket of brown sugar, oats, butter and fall spices
  • Perfect and Easy Apple Crisp Recipe
    This recipe for apple crisp is easy to make with fresh, crisp apples and a buttery cinnamon streusel; bake until golden for a quick and simple dessert
  • Apple Crisp Recipe - Spend with Pennies
    How to Make Apple Crisp Prepare crisp topping according to the recipe below Toss peeled and sliced apples with sugar, flour, and cinnamon Arrange the apples in a baking dish and sprinkle with the topping Bake until the apples are tender and the topping is golden brown Cool for at least 10 minutes before serving
  • Classic Apple Crisp Recipe | King Arthur Baking
    This is a classic apple crisp recipe, perfect for after you've filled a couple of totes of apples at the orchard While this version may seem daunting, with a fairly long list of ingredients, many are simply optional enhancements
  • Easy Apple Crisp Recipe - Simply Recipes
    Bake sliced apples topped with streusel, and you've got a winning apple crisp in a matter of minutes! You only need sliced apples, oats, brown sugar, and butter for this fast apple dessert Assembly is as simple as tossing apples with lemon and vanilla, then topping with a crumb mixture
  • Old Fashioned Apple Crisp - Grannys in the Kitchen
    This old fashioned apple crisp recipe features tender baked apples, warm spices, and a buttery oat topping for the perfect cozy fall dessert
  • Old Fashioned Easy Apple Crisp - The Chunky Chef
    A true classic Fall dessert, this easy apple crisp recipe is reminiscent of generations past Pop this apple crisp in the oven and wait for the delicious smell to waft through your house!





中文字典-英文字典  2005-2009