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ontology    音标拼音: [ɑnt'ɑlədʒi]
n. 存在论

存在论

ontology
n 1: (computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization
of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and
contains all the relevant entities and their relations
2: the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence

Ontology \On*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? the things which exist
(pl.neut. of ?, ?, being, p. pr. of ? to be) -logy: cf. F.
ontologie.]
1. That department of the science of metaphysics which
investigates and explains the nature and essential
properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the
principles and causes of being.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Computers) A systematic arrangement of all of the
important categories of objects or concepts which exist in
some field of discourse, showing the relations between
them. When complete, an ontology is a categorization of
all of the concepts in some field of knowledge, including
the objects and all of the properties, relations, and
functions needed to define the objects and specify their
actions. A simplified ontology may contain only a
hierarchical classification (a {taxonomy}) showing the
type subsumption relations between concepts in the field
of discourse. An ontology may be visualized as an abstract
graph with nodes and labeled arcs representing the objects
and relations.

Note: The concepts included in an ontology and the
hierarchical ordering will be to a certain extent
arbitrary, depending upon the purpose for which the
ontology is created. This arises from the fact that
objects are of varying importance for different
purposes, and different properties of objects may be
chosen as the criteria by which objects are classified.
In addition, different degrees of aggregation of
concepts may be used, and distinctions of importance
for one purpose may be of no concern for a different
purpose.
[PJC]

28 Moby Thesaurus words for "ontology":
aesthetics, axiology, casuistry, cosmology, epistemology, ethics,
existentialism, first philosophy, gnosiology, logic,
mental philosophy, metaphysics, moral philosophy, phenomenology,
philosophastry, philosophic doctrine, philosophic system,
philosophic theory, philosophical inquiry,
philosophical speculation, philosophy, school of philosophy,
school of thought, science of being, sophistry, theory of beauty,
theory of knowledge, value theory

1. A systematic account of Existence.

2. (From philosophy) An explicit
formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts
and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of
interest and the relationships that hold among them.

For {AI} systems, what "exists" is that which can be
represented. When the {knowledge} about a {domain} is
represented in a {declarative language}, the set of objects
that can be represented is called the {universe of discourse}.
We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of
representational terms. Definitions associate the names of
entities in the {universe of discourse} (e.g. classes,
relations, functions or other objects) with human-readable
text describing what the names mean, and formal {axioms} that
constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these
terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a {logical
theory}.

A set of {agents} that share the same ontology will be able to
communicate about a domain of discourse without necessarily
operating on a globally shared theory. We say that an agent
commits to an ontology if its observable actions are
consistent with the definitions in the ontology. The idea of
ontological commitment is based on the {Knowledge-Level}
perspective.

3. The hierarchical structuring of
knowledge about things by subcategorising them according to
their essential (or at least relevant and/or cognitive)
qualities. See {subject index}. This is an extension of the
previous senses of "ontology" (above) which has become common
in discussions about the difficulty of maintaining {subject
indices}.

(1997-04-09)


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  • Ontology - Wikipedia
    Ontology is the philosophical study of being It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it
  • Ontology | Definition, History Examples | Britannica
    Ontology, the philosophical study of being in general, or of what applies neutrally to everything that is real It was called “first philosophy” by Aristotle in Book IV of his Metaphysics
  • Ontology and Information Systems - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    Ontology (in information systems) is the field that attempts to create shared meanings of symbols Different practitioners in the field may decide to create different lists of symbols with different definitions
  • What Is Ontology in Research and Why Does It Matter?
    Ontology shapes how researchers understand reality and influences every methodological choice they make Here’s what it means and how to apply it
  • ONTOLOGY Definition Meaning - Merriam-Webster
    The meaning of ONTOLOGY is a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and relations of being How to use ontology in a sentence
  • What is Ontology? | The Ontology Research Development Network
    What is Ontology? Ontology is the philosophical study of being, existence, and reality In information science, an ontology is a formal representation of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts
  • Ontology: Theory and History
    It provides criteria for distinguishing different types of objects (concrete and abstract, existent and nonexistent, real and ideal, independent and dependent) and their ties (relations, dependencies and predication) We can distinguish: a) formal, b) descriptive and c) formalized ontologies
  • What Are Ontologies? - Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences . . .
    Philosophers use the term ontology (literally, discourse on being) to describe efforts to classify or group ideas, particularly those related to the nature of existence
  • Exploring Ontology: A Comprehensive Overview - Philosophos
    Ontology is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of being and the relationship of entities to one another It is also closely related to metaphysics, as it seeks to understand the world through abstract concepts and theories
  • Ontology | History | Research Starters - EBSCO
    Ontology is the philosophical study of existence, specifically the attempt to determine what kinds of things actually exist Ontology is considered a branch of metaphysics, the study of the fundamental nature of reality and being





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