hard 音标拼音: [h'ɑrd]
a .
难的,艰苦的,坚硬的,硬的,坚固的,猛烈的,艰难的,结实的,困难的
难的,艰苦的,坚硬的,硬的,坚固的,猛烈的,艰难的,结实的,困难的
hard 硬的
hard 硬
hard adv 1 :
with effort or force or vigor ; "
the team played hard ";
"
worked hard all day "; "
pressed hard on the lever "; "
hit the ball hard "; "
slammed the door hard "
2 :
with firmness ; "
held hard to the railing " [
synonym : {
hard },
{
firmly }]
3 :
earnestly or intently ; "
thought hard about it "; "
stared hard at the accused "
4 :
causing great damage or hardship ; "
industries hit hard by the depression "; "
she was severely affected by the bank '
s failure " [
synonym : {
hard }, {
severely }]
5 :
slowly and with difficulty ; "
prejudices die hard "
6 :
indulging excessively ; "
he drank heavily " [
synonym : {
heavily },
{
intemperately }, {
hard }] [
ant : {
lightly }]
7 :
into a solid condition ; "
concrete that sets hard within a few hours "
8 :
very near or close in space or time ; "
it stands hard by the railroad tracks "; "
they were hard on his heels "; "
a strike followed hard upon the plant '
s opening "
9 :
with pain or distress or bitterness ; "
he took the rejection very hard "
10 :
to the full extent possible ;
all the way ; "
hard alee "; "
the ship went hard astern "; "
swung the wheel hard left "
adj 1 :
not easy ;
requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure ; "
a difficult task ";
"
nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access ";
"
difficult times "; "
why is it so hard for you to keep a secret ?" [
synonym : {
difficult }, {
hard }] [
ant : {
easy }]
2 :
dispassionate ; "
took a hard look "; "
a hard bargainer "; [
ant :
{
soft }]
3 :
resisting weight or pressure [
ant : {
soft }]
4 :
very strong or vigorous ; "
strong winds "; "
a hard left to the chin "; "
a knockout punch "; "
a severe blow " [
synonym : {
hard },
{
knockout }, {
severe }]
5 :
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion ;
especially physical effort ; "
worked their arduous way up the mining valley "; "
a grueling campaign "; "
hard labor "; "
heavy work "; "
heavy going "; "
spent many laborious hours on the project "; "
set a punishing pace " [
synonym : {
arduous },
{
backbreaking }, {
grueling }, {
gruelling }, {
hard }, {
heavy },
{
laborious }, {
operose }, {
punishing }, {
toilsome }]
6 :
produced without vibration of the vocal cords ; "
unvoiced consonants such as `
p '
and `
k '
and `
s '" [
synonym : {
unvoiced },
{
voiceless }, {
surd }, {
hard }] [
ant : {
soft }, {
sonant },
{
voiced }]
7 : (
of light )
transmitted directly from a pointed light source [
synonym : {
hard }, {
concentrated }] [
ant : {
diffuse }, {
diffused },
{
soft }]
8 : (
of speech sounds );
produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum ; "
Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants "
[
ant : {
soft }]
9 :
given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors ; "
a hard drinker " [
synonym :
{
intemperate }, {
hard }, {
heavy }]
10 :
being distilled rather than fermented ;
having a high alcoholic content ; "
hard liquor " [
synonym : {
hard }, {
strong }]
11 :
unfortunate or hard to bear ; "
had hard luck "; "
a tough break " [
synonym : {
hard }, {
tough }]
12 :
dried out ; "
hard dry rolls left over from the day before "
Hard \
Hard \ (
h [
aum ]
rd ),
a . [
Compar . {
Harder } (-[~
e ]
r );
superl .
{
Hardest }.] [
OE .
hard ,
heard ,
AS .
heard ;
akin to OS . &
D .
hard ,
G .
hart ,
OHG .
herti ,
harti ,
Icel .
har [
eth ]
r ,
Dan .
haard ,
Sw .
h [*
a ]
rd ,
Goth .
hardus ,
Gr .
kraty `
s strong ,
ka `
rtos ,
kra `
tos ,
strength ,
and also to E . -
ard ,
as in coward ,
drunkard , -
crat , -
cracy in autocrat ,
democracy ;
cf .
Skr .
kratu strength ,
k [.
r ]
to do ,
make .
Cf . {
Hardy }.]
1 .
Not easily penetrated ,
cut ,
or separated into parts ;
not yielding to pressure ;
firm ;
solid ;
compact ; --
applied to material bodies ,
and opposed to {
soft };
as ,
hard wood ;
hard flesh ;
a hard apple .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Difficult ,
mentally or judicially ;
not easily apprehended ,
decided ,
or resolved ;
as a hard problem .
[
1913 Webster ]
The hard causes they brought unto Moses . --
Ex .
xviii .
26 .
[
1913 Webster ]
In which are some things hard to be understood . --
2 Peter iii .
16 .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Difficult to accomplish ;
full of obstacles ;
laborious ;
fatiguing ;
arduous ;
as ,
a hard task ;
a disease hard to cure .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
Difficult to resist or control ;
powerful .
[
1913 Webster ]
The stag was too hard for the horse . --
L '
Estrange .
[
1913 Webster ]
A power which will be always too hard for them .
--
Addison .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
Difficult to bear or endure ;
not easy to put up with or consent to ;
hence ,
severe ;
rigorous ;
oppressive ;
distressing ;
unjust ;
grasping ;
as ,
a hard lot ;
hard times ;
hard fare ;
a hard winter ;
hard conditions or terms .
[
1913 Webster ]
I never could drive a hard bargain . --
Burke .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
Difficult to please or influence ;
stern ;
unyielding ;
obdurate ;
unsympathetic ;
unfeeling ;
cruel ;
as ,
a hard master ;
a hard heart ;
hard words ;
a hard character .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 .
Not easy or agreeable to the taste ;
harsh ;
stiff ;
rigid ;
ungraceful ;
repelling ;
as ,
a hard style .
[
1913 Webster ]
Figures harder than even the marble itself .
--
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 .
Rough ;
acid ;
sour ,
as liquors ;
as ,
hard cider .
[
1913 Webster ]
9 . (
Pron .)
Abrupt or explosive in utterance ;
not aspirated ,
sibilated ,
or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another ; --
said of certain consonants ,
as c in came ,
and g in go ,
as distinguished from the same letters in center ,
general ,
etc .
[
1913 Webster ]
10 .
Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance ;
harsh ;
as ,
a hard tone .
[
1913 Webster ]
11 . (
Painting )
(
a )
Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures ;
formal ;
lacking grace of composition .
(
b )
Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Hard cancer }, {
Hard case },
etc .
See under {
Cancer }, {
Case },
etc .
{
Hard clam },
or {
Hard -
shelled clam } (
Zool .),
the quahog .
{
Hard coal },
anthracite ,
as distinguished from {
bituminous coal } ({
soft coal }).
{
Hard and fast }. (
Naut .)
See under {
Fast }.
{
Hard finish } (
Arch .),
a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering .
{
Hard lines },
hardship ;
difficult conditions .
{
Hard money },
coin or specie ,
as distinguished from paper money .
{
Hard oyster } (
Zool .),
the northern native oyster . [
Local ,
U .
S .]
{
Hard pan },
the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil ;
hence ,
figuratively ,
the firm ,
substantial ,
fundamental part or quality of anything ;
as ,
the hard pan of character ,
of a matter in dispute ,
etc .
See {
Pan }.
{
Hard rubber }.
See under {
Rubber }.
{
Hard solder }.
See under {
Solder }.
{
Hard water },
water ,
which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing .
See {
Hardness },
3 .
{
Hard wood },
wood of a solid or hard texture ;
as walnut ,
oak ,
ash ,
box ,
and the like ,
in distinction from pine ,
poplar ,
hemlock ,
etc .
{
In hard condition },
in excellent condition for racing ;
having firm muscles ; --
said of race horses .
Syn :
Solid ;
arduous ;
powerful ;
trying ;
unyielding ;
stubborn ;
stern ;
flinty ;
unfeeling ;
harsh ;
difficult ;
severe ;
obdurate ;
rigid .
See {
Solid },
and {
Arduous }.
[
1913 Webster ]
Hard \
Hard \,
adv . [
OE .
harde ,
AS .
hearde .]
1 .
With pressure ;
with urgency ;
hence ,
diligently ;
earnestly .
[
1913 Webster ]
And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince .
--
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
My father Is hard at study ;
pray now ,
rest yourself . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
With difficulty ;
as ,
the vehicle moves hard .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Uneasily ;
vexatiously ;
slowly . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
So as to raise difficulties . "
The question is hard set ."
--
Sir T .
Browne .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
With tension or strain of the powers ;
violently ;
with force ;
tempestuously ;
vehemently ;
vigorously ;
energetically ;
as ,
to press ,
to blow ,
to rain hard ;
hence ,
rapidly ;
nimbly ;
as ,
to run hard .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
Close or near .
[
1913 Webster ]
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue . --
Acts xviii .
7 .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Hard by }, {
near by };
close at hand ;
not far off . "
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes ." --
Milton .
{
Hard pushed }, {
Hard run },
greatly pressed ;
as ,
he was hard pushed or hard run for time ,
money ,
etc . [
Colloq .]
{
Hard up },
closely pressed by want or necessity ;
without money or resources ;
as ,
hard up for amusements . [
Slang ]
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman ,
denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy ,
or that the helm should be put ,
in the direction indicated ,
to the extreme limit ,
as ,
Hard aport !
Hard astarboard !
Hard alee !
Hard aweather !
Hard up !
Hard is also often used in composition with a participle ;
as ,
hard -
baked ;
hard -
earned ;
hard -
featured ;
hard -
working ;
hard -
won .
[
1913 Webster ]
Hard \
Hard \ (
h [
aum ]
rd ),
v .
t .
To harden ;
to make hard . [
Obs .] --
Chaucer .
[
1913 Webster ]
Hard \
Hard \,
n .
A ford or passage across a river or swamp .
[
1913 Webster ]
686 Moby Thesaurus words for "
hard ":
Herculean ,
Philistine ,
about ,
absolute ,
abstruse ,
accented ,
acerb ,
acerbic ,
acrid ,
acrimonious ,
actively ,
acute ,
adamant ,
adamantine ,
addictive ,
adverse ,
afflictive ,
agonizing ,
agonizingly ,
alcoholic ,
all but ,
almost ,
along toward ,
alveolar ,
amaroidal ,
anesthetic ,
angry ,
antagonistic ,
apical ,
apico -
alveolar ,
apico -
dental ,
approximately ,
ardent ,
ardently ,
arduous ,
arduously ,
around ,
articulated ,
assiduous ,
assiduously ,
assimilated ,
astringent ,
at close quarters ,
at hand ,
atrocious ,
austere ,
avid ,
back ,
backbreaking ,
bad ,
badly ,
baffling ,
bankrupt ,
bare ,
barytone ,
bec et ongles ,
beefy ,
beyond one ,
bilabial ,
biting ,
bitter ,
bitter as gall ,
bleak ,
bloodless ,
blunt ,
bony ,
bothersome ,
bouncing ,
bowelless ,
brazen ,
broad ,
broke ,
brutal ,
brutish ,
bulky ,
burdensome ,
businesslike ,
busted ,
cacuminal ,
calamitous ,
calculating ,
callous ,
calloused ,
carefully ,
cartilaginous ,
case -
hardened ,
cast -
iron ,
caustic ,
cement ,
cemental ,
central ,
cerebral ,
checked ,
chewy ,
clear ,
close ,
close about ,
close at hand ,
close by ,
close -
knit ,
close -
textured ,
close -
woven ,
coarse ,
cohesive ,
cold ,
cold of heart ,
coldblooded ,
coldhearted ,
compact ,
compacted ,
complex ,
complicated ,
compressed ,
concentrated ,
concrete ,
condensed ,
conditioning ,
conflicting ,
congested ,
conscienceless ,
conscientious ,
conscientiously ,
consolidated ,
consonant ,
consonantal ,
continuant ,
contrary ,
cool ,
coriaceous ,
corneous ,
counter ,
counteractive ,
crabbed ,
crammed ,
crammed full ,
cramp ,
cramping ,
critical ,
crowded ,
cruel ,
dark ,
deep ,
deeply ,
definite ,
delicate ,
demanding ,
dense ,
dental ,
despotic ,
determinedly ,
detrimental ,
devastating ,
devoted ,
devotedly ,
dictatorial ,
difficile ,
difficult ,
diligent ,
diligently ,
disastrous ,
dispassionate ,
dissimilated ,
distinct ,
distressing ,
distressingly ,
dog -
eat -
dog ,
dogged ,
doggedly ,
dorsal ,
doughty ,
dour ,
down -
to -
earth ,
dull ,
durable ,
dure ,
dynamically ,
eager ,
eagerly ,
earnestly ,
effortful ,
effortfully ,
enduring ,
energetic ,
energetically ,
enigmatic ,
exacting ,
excruciating ,
exhausting ,
factual ,
fast by ,
fatiguing ,
fervent ,
fibrous ,
firm ,
flat ,
flinthearted ,
flintlike ,
flinty ,
forceful ,
forcefully ,
forcible ,
forcibly ,
forcy ,
formidable ,
front ,
full -
blooded ,
full -
strength ,
fundamentalist ,
garbled ,
genuine ,
glide ,
glossal ,
glottal ,
gluey ,
gnawing ,
granitelike ,
granitic ,
grave ,
grievous ,
grim ,
grinding ,
griping ,
gristly ,
gutsy ,
guttural ,
gutty ,
habit -
forming ,
habituating ,
hairy ,
hale ,
hammer and tongs ,
hard as nails ,
hard by ,
hard of heart ,
hard to understand ,
hard up ,
hard -
bitten ,
hard -
boiled ,
hard -
core ,
hard -
earned ,
hard -
fought ,
hard -
nosed ,
hard -
set ,
hardened ,
hardheaded ,
hardhearted ,
hardworking ,
hardy ,
harmful ,
harrowing ,
harsh ,
harshly ,
heart and soul ,
heartily ,
heartless ,
hearty ,
heavy ,
hefty ,
hereabout ,
hereabouts ,
hidebound ,
high ,
horny ,
hostile ,
hurtful ,
hurting ,
husky ,
ill ,
immovable ,
immutable ,
impassible ,
impecunious ,
impenetrable ,
impenitent ,
impermeable ,
impervious ,
implacable ,
impliable ,
impoverished ,
impregnable ,
in opposition ,
in spitting distance ,
in the red ,
inclement ,
incomprehensible ,
incontestable ,
incontrovertible ,
indefatigable ,
indefatigably ,
indigent ,
indisputable ,
indurate ,
indurated ,
industrious ,
industriously ,
inelastic ,
ineluctable ,
inescapable ,
inexorable ,
inflexible ,
inhuman ,
inimical ,
inscrutable ,
insensate ,
insensitive ,
insolent ,
insoluble ,
intemperate ,
intense ,
intensely ,
intent ,
intently ,
intonated ,
intractable ,
intransigent ,
intricate ,
inured ,
involved ,
irksome ,
iron ,
iron -
hard ,
ironbound ,
ironclad ,
ironhanded ,
ironlike ,
irreconcilable ,
jam -
packed ,
jammed ,
jawbreaking ,
jumbled ,
keen ,
knotted ,
knotty ,
labial ,
labiodental ,
labiovelar ,
labored ,
laborious ,
laboriously ,
lapideous ,
lasting ,
lateral ,
lax ,
leatherlike ,
leathery ,
light ,
lingual ,
liquid ,
lithoid ,
lithoidal ,
lost to shame ,
low ,
lusty ,
magisterial ,
manfully ,
marble ,
marblelike ,
massive ,
matter -
of -
fact ,
mean ,
merciless ,
methodical ,
mid ,
mightily ,
mighty ,
miserable ,
monophthongal ,
most ,
much ,
muscle -
bound ,
muted ,
narrow ,
nasal ,
nasalized ,
near ,
near at hand ,
nearabout ,
nearabouts ,
nearby ,
nervy ,
never idle ,
nigh ,
nigh about ,
no picnic ,
nonporous ,
not easy ,
not far ,
obdurate ,
obfuscated ,
obscure ,
obscured ,
obstinate ,
occlusive ,
onerous ,
only a step ,
open ,
operose ,
operosely ,
opposed ,
opposing ,
opposite ,
oppressive ,
orthodox ,
osseous ,
overtechnical ,
oxytone ,
pachydermatous ,
packed ,
painful ,
painfully ,
palatal ,
palatalized ,
paroxysmal ,
penetrating ,
penniless ,
perplexed ,
perplexing ,
perseveringly ,
persistent ,
persistently ,
petrified ,
pharyngeal ,
pharyngealized ,
phonemic ,
phonetic ,
phonic ,
physiologically addictive ,
piercing ,
pitch ,
pitched ,
pitiless ,
plain ,
poignant ,
poor ,
positive ,
posttonic ,
potent ,
poverty -
stricken ,
powerful ,
practical ,
practically ,
pragmatic ,
procrustean ,
profound ,
proof against ,
psychologically addictive ,
puissant ,
pungent ,
purist ,
puristic ,
puritan ,
puritanic ,
puzzling ,
racking ,
real ,
realistic ,
red -
blooded ,
relentless ,
relentlessly ,
remorseless ,
resistant ,
resistive ,
retroflex ,
rigid ,
rigorist ,
rigoristic ,
rigorous ,
robust ,
robustious ,
rock -
ribbed ,
rockbound ,
rocklike ,
rocky ,
ropy ,
rough ,
rounded ,
rugged ,
ruthless ,
savage ,
scabrous ,
scrambled ,
searching ,
seared ,
sedulous ,
sedulously ,
semivowel ,
serious ,
serried ,
set ,
set with thorns ,
severe ,
severely ,
shameless ,
sharp ,
shooting ,
sinewy ,
sinister ,
slavish ,
sleepless ,
sober ,
soft ,
solid ,
solidified ,
sonant ,
sound ,
sour ,
spasmatic ,
spasmic ,
spasmodic ,
spiny ,
spiritedly ,
spirituous ,
stabbing ,
stable ,
stalwart ,
stark ,
steadfastly ,
steady ,
steeled against ,
steellike ,
steely ,
steep ,
stern ,
sticky ,
stiff ,
stinging ,
stonelike ,
stony ,
stonyhearted ,
stopped ,
stout ,
straight ,
straightforward ,
straightlaced ,
straining ,
straitlaced ,
strapping ,
strenuous ,
strenuously ,
stressed ,
stressful ,
strict ,
stringent ,
stringy ,
strong ,
strong as brandy ,
strong as strong ,
strong -
willed ,
stubborn ,
studiously ,
sturdy ,
substantial ,
surd ,
sure -
enough ,
syllabic ,
systematic ,
tangled ,
tart ,
tenacious ,
tense ,
terrible ,
the hard way ,
thereabout ,
thereabouts ,
thick ,
thick -
growing ,
thick -
skinned ,
thickset ,
thorny ,
throaty ,
ticklish ,
tireless ,
tiring ,
toilsome ,
toilsomely ,
tonal ,
tonic ,
tooth and nail ,
tormenting ,
torturous ,
tough ,
tough as leather ,
tricky ,
troublesome ,
troublous ,
trying ,
twangy ,
tyrannical ,
unabject ,
unaccented ,
unaffected ,
unalterable ,
unavoidable ,
unbending ,
unblushing ,
unchangeable ,
uncompassionate ,
uncompassioned ,
uncompromising ,
uncontrite ,
undeniable ,
unemotional ,
unfalteringly ,
unfavorable ,
unfeeling ,
unflagging ,
unforgiving ,
unfriendly ,
ungentle ,
ungiving ,
unidealistic ,
unkind ,
unmelted ,
unmerciful ,
unmoved ,
unnatural ,
unpitiful ,
unpitying ,
unpleasant ,
unquestionable ,
unrelenting ,
unremitting ,
unremorseful ,
unrepentant ,
unrepenting ,
unresponsive ,
unrounded ,
unsentimental ,
unsleeping ,
unsoftened ,
unsolvable ,
unsparing ,
unstressed ,
unsympathetic ,
unsympathizing ,
untiring ,
untiringly ,
untouched ,
untoward ,
unvarnished ,
unwearied ,
unyielding ,
uphill ,
urgently ,
vehement ,
velar ,
verifiable ,
vigorous ,
vigorously ,
vinous ,
violently ,
viscid ,
viscose ,
viscous ,
vocalic ,
vocoid ,
voiced ,
voiceless ,
vowel ,
vowellike ,
weak ,
wearing ,
wearisome ,
wearying ,
well -
built ,
well -
constructed ,
well -
defined ,
well -
founded ,
well -
grounded ,
well -
made ,
well -
nigh ,
wicked ,
wide ,
winy ,
wiry ,
with a kick ,
with a will ,
with effort ,
within call ,
within earshot ,
within hearing ,
within reach ,
without mercy ,
wretched ,
zealous ,
zealously
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