color 音标拼音: [k'ʌlɚ] [k'ɔlɚ]
n . 颜色,气色,风格,外貌
vt . 把…涂颜色,粉饰,脸红,歪曲
vi . 变色
颜色,气色,风格,外貌把…涂颜色,粉饰,脸红,歪曲变色
color 色 色彩 彩色
color adj 1 :
having or capable of producing colors ; "
color film "; "
he rented a color television "; "
marvelous color illustrations " [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }] [
ant : {
black and white (
p )}, {
black -
and -
white }]
n 1 :
a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect ; "
a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light " [
synonym : {
color },
{
colour }, {
coloring }, {
colouring }] [
ant : {
achromaticity },
{
achromatism }, {
colorlessness }, {
colourlessness }]
2 :
interest and variety and intensity ; "
the Puritan Period was lacking in color "; "
the characters were delineated with exceptional vividness " [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }, {
vividness }]
3 :
the timbre of a musical sound ; "
the recording fails to capture the true color of the original music " [
synonym : {
color },
{
colour }, {
coloration }, {
colouration }]
4 :
a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (
especially Blacks ) [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }, {
people of color }, {
people of colour }]
5 :
an outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading ; "
he hoped his claims would have a semblance of authenticity "; "
he tried to give his falsehood the gloss of moral sanction "; "
the situation soon took on a different color " [
synonym : {
semblance }, {
gloss }, {
color }, {
colour }]
6 :
any material used for its color ; "
she used a different color for the trim " [
synonym : {
coloring material }, {
colouring material }, {
color }, {
colour }]
7 : (
physics )
the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction ; "
each flavor of quarks comes in three colors " [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }]
8 :
the appearance of objects (
or light sources )
described in terms of a person '
s perception of their hue and lightness (
or brightness )
and saturation [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }]
v 1 :
add color to ; "
The child colored the drawings "; "
Fall colored the trees "; "
colorize black and white film " [
synonym :
{
color }, {
colorize }, {
colorise }, {
colourise }, {
colourize },
{
colour }, {
color in }, {
colour in }] [
ant : {
discolor }]
2 :
affect as in thought or feeling ; "
My personal feelings color my judgment in this case "; "
The sadness tinged his life "
[
synonym : {
tinge }, {
color }, {
colour }, {
distort }]
3 :
modify or bias ; "
His political ideas color his lectures "
[
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }]
4 :
decorate with colors ; "
color the walls with paint in warm tones " [
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }, {
emblazon }]
5 :
give a deceptive explanation or excuse for ; "
color a lie "
[
synonym : {
color }, {
colour }, {
gloss }]
6 :
change color ,
often in an undesired manner ; "
The shirts discolored " [
synonym : {
discolor }, {
discolour }, {
colour }, {
color }]
Color \
Col "
or \ (
k [
u ^]
l "[~
e ]
r ),
n . [
Written also {
colour }.] [
OF .
color ,
colur ,
colour ,
F .
couleur ,
L .
color ;
prob .
akin to celare to conceal (
the color taken as that which covers ).
See {
Helmet }.]
1 .
A property depending on the relations of light to the eye ,
by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision ;
as ,
gay colors ;
sad colors ,
etc .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve ,
in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations ,
waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red ,
shorter waves green ,
and those still shorter blue ,
etc .
White ,
or ordinary ,
light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color ,
and the color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Any hue distinguished from white or black .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits ;
ruddy complexion .
[
1913 Webster ]
Give color to my pale cheek . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
That which is used to give color ;
a paint ;
a pigment ;
as ,
oil colors or water colors .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
That which covers or hides the real character of anything ;
semblance ;
excuse ;
disguise ;
appearance .
[
1913 Webster ]
They had let down the boat into the sea ,
under color as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship . --
Acts xxvii .
30 .
[
1913 Webster ]
That he should die is worthy policy ;
But yet we want a color for his death . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
Shade or variety of character ;
kind ;
species .
[
1913 Webster ]
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 .
A distinguishing badge ,
as a flag or similar symbol (
usually in the plural );
as ,
the colors or color of a ship or regiment ;
the colors of a race horse (
that is ,
of the cap and jacket worn by the jockey ).
[
1913 Webster ]
In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two colors ,
one national and one regimental . --
Farrow .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 . (
Law )
An apparent right ;
as where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title ,
by stating his title specially ,
thus removing the cause from the jury to the court . --
Blackstone .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
Color is express when it is averred in the pleading ,
and implied when it is implied in the pleading .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Body color }.
See under {
Body }.
{
Color blindness },
total or partial inability to distinguish or recognize colors .
See {
Daltonism }.
{
Complementary color },
one of two colors so related to each other that when blended together they produce white light ;
--
so called because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white .
Artificial or pigment colors ,
when mixed ,
produce effects differing from those of the primary colors ,
in consequence of partial absorption .
{
Of color } (
as persons ,
races ,
etc .),
not of the white race ;
--
commonly meaning ,
esp .
in the United States ,
of negro blood ,
pure or mixed .
{
Primary colors },
those developed from the solar beam by the prism ,
viz .,
red ,
orange ,
yellow ,
green ,
blue ,
indigo ,
and violet ,
which are reduced by some authors to three , --
red ,
green ,
and violet -
blue .
These three are sometimes called {
fundamental colors }.
{
Subjective color }
or {
Accidental color },
a false or spurious color seen in some instances ,
owing to the persistence of the luminous impression upon the retina ,
and a gradual change of its character ,
as where a wheel perfectly white ,
and with a circumference regularly subdivided ,
is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object ,
the teeth of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation .
See {
Accidental colors },
under {
Accidental }.
[
1913 Webster ]
Color \
Col "
or \,
v .
i .
To acquire color ;
to turn red ,
especially in the face ;
to blush .
[
1913 Webster ]
Color \
Col "
or \,
v .
t . [
imp . &
p .
p . {
Colored };
p .
pr . &
vb .
n .
{
Coloring }.] [
F .
colorer .]
1 .
To change or alter the hue or tint of ,
by dyeing ,
staining ,
painting ,
etc .;
to dye ;
to tinge ;
to paint ;
to stain .
[
1913 Webster ]
The rays ,
to speak properly ,
are not colored ;
in them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that color . --
Sir I .
Newton .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
To change or alter ,
as if by dyeing or painting ;
to give a false appearance to ;
usually ,
to give a specious appearance to ;
to cause to appear attractive ;
to make plausible ;
to palliate or excuse ;
as ,
the facts were colored by his prejudices .
[
1913 Webster ]
He colors the falsehood of [
AE ]
neas by an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen . --
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
To hide . [
Obs .]
[
1913 Webster ]
That by his fellowship he color might Both his estate and love from skill of any wight .
--
Spenser .
[
1913 Webster ]
1006 Moby Thesaurus words for "
color ":
Adrianople red ,
Alice blue ,
Arabian red ,
Argos brown ,
Bordeaux ,
Brunswick black ,
Brunswick blue ,
Burgundy ,
Capri blue ,
Cassel yellow ,
Chinese blue ,
Chinese white ,
Claude tint ,
Cologne brown ,
Columbian red ,
Congo rubine ,
Copenhagen blue ,
Dresden blue ,
Dutch orange ,
Egyptian green ,
English red ,
French blue ,
French gray ,
Gobelin blue ,
Goya ,
Guinea green ,
India pink ,
Indian red ,
Irish green ,
Janus green ,
Kelly green ,
Kendal green ,
Kildare green ,
Klangfarbe ,
Lincoln green ,
Majolica earth ,
Mars orange ,
Mars violet ,
Mexican red ,
Mitis green ,
Montpellier green ,
Nile green ,
Paris green ,
Paris yellow ,
Persian blue ,
Persian red ,
Pompeian blue ,
Prussian blue ,
Prussian red ,
Quaker green ,
Roman umber ,
Saint Benoit ,
Saxe blue ,
Saxony green ,
Schweinfurt green ,
Spanish green ,
Spanish ocher ,
Tanagra ,
Tangier ocher ,
Technicolor ,
Titian ,
Turkey red ,
Turkey umber ,
Tyrian purple ,
Vandyke red ,
Vienna green ,
Wedgwood blue ,
Wedgwood green ,
absinthe ,
acid yellow ,
acier ,
acorn ,
acting ,
action ,
adjunct ,
adorn ,
adornment ,
affect ,
affectation ,
air ,
alabaster ,
alesan ,
alibi ,
alizarin brown ,
allow for ,
allowance ,
amber ,
amethyst ,
amidonaphthol red ,
anagnorisis ,
aniline black ,
aniline blue ,
annatto ,
anthracene brown ,
anthragallol ,
antique brown ,
antique gold ,
any color ,
apology ,
appearance ,
apple green ,
apply paint ,
apricot ,
aqua green ,
aquamarine ,
architectonics ,
architecture ,
argument ,
arrangement ,
array ,
arsenic yellow ,
ash ,
ash gray ,
atmosphere ,
attitude ,
attitudinizing ,
aureolin ,
autumn leaf ,
avocado green ,
azo blue ,
azo -
orange ,
azulene ,
azure ,
azurite blue ,
baby blue ,
background ,
badge ,
balance ,
banner ,
barium sulfate ,
bat ,
bearing ,
beautify ,
bedaub ,
bedeck ,
bedizen ,
begild ,
belie ,
bend ,
benzoazurine ,
beryl ,
beryl green ,
besmear ,
besprinkle ,
bias ,
bice ,
biscuit ,
bister ,
blanc fixe ,
blanch ,
blazon ,
bleu celeste ,
blind ,
blond ,
blood ,
blue black ,
blue turquoise ,
bluff ,
bluffing ,
blush ,
bone black ,
bone brown ,
bottle green ,
bracken ,
brand ,
breathe ,
breed ,
brew ,
bright color ,
bright rose ,
brightness ,
brilliance ,
brow ,
brush on paint ,
brushwork ,
buff ,
bunny brown ,
burgee ,
burgundy ,
burlesque ,
burnt Roman ocher ,
burnt almond ,
burnt carmine ,
burnt ocher ,
burnt rose ,
burnt sienna ,
butter ,
cadet blue ,
cadmium orange ,
cadmium yellow ,
cafe noir ,
calamine blue ,
calcimine ,
camouflage ,
canary ,
carbon black ,
cardinal ,
caricature ,
carmine ,
carnation ,
carnelian ,
carotene ,
carriage ,
cartoon ,
cast ,
cast of countenance ,
catastrophe ,
celadon ,
censor ,
cerulean ,
chalk ,
chamois ,
champagne ,
change color ,
character ,
characterization ,
charcoal ,
chartreuse ,
chartreuse green ,
chartreuse tint ,
chartreuse yellow ,
cheating ,
chestnut ,
chrome ,
chrome black ,
chrome lemon ,
chrome orange ,
chrome oxide green ,
chrome red ,
chrome yellow ,
chromogen ,
chrysophenin ,
chrysoprase green ,
ciba blue ,
cinder gray ,
cinnabar ,
citron green ,
civette green ,
clan ,
clang color ,
claret ,
clematis ,
cloak ,
cloud gray ,
coat ,
coat of paint ,
coating ,
cobalt ,
cobalt green ,
cochineal ,
coconut ,
color filter ,
color gelatin ,
color patterns ,
color up ,
colorant ,
colorfulness ,
coloring ,
colors ,
complexion ,
complication ,
composition ,
conceal ,
continuity ,
contrivance ,
copper ,
copper red ,
coptic ,
copy ,
corbeau ,
cordovan ,
cornflower ,
countenance ,
cover ,
cover story ,
cover -
up ,
cramoisie ,
crash ,
crayon ,
cream ,
cresol red ,
crimson ,
crocus ,
crosshatch ,
crystal gray ,
cucumber green ,
cyan ,
cyanine blue ,
cypress green ,
dab ,
dahlia ,
damask ,
damson ,
dandelion ,
dandify ,
darken ,
dash off ,
daub ,
dead leaf ,
dead -
color ,
deception ,
deck ,
deck out ,
decoct ,
decontamination ,
decor ,
decorate ,
decoration ,
deep -
dye ,
delft blue ,
delineate ,
delusion ,
demeanor ,
denomination ,
denouement ,
depict ,
description ,
design ,
designation ,
development ,
device ,
diagram ,
diminish ,
dip ,
disguise ,
dispose ,
dissemblance ,
dissembling ,
dissimulation ,
distemper ,
distort ,
dizen ,
doeskin ,
doll up ,
doodle ,
double -
dye ,
dove gray ,
drab ,
draft ,
draftsmanship ,
draw ,
dredge ,
dress ,
dress up ,
drier ,
drop black ,
duck green ,
dun ,
dye ,
dyestuff ,
ease ,
edit ,
eggshell ,
elaboration ,
embellish ,
embellishment ,
emblazon ,
emblazonment ,
emblazonry ,
emblem ,
embroider ,
embroidery ,
emerald ,
emeraude ,
enamel ,
engild ,
enrich ,
ensign ,
entincture ,
episode ,
erythema ,
exaggerate ,
excuse ,
extenuate ,
extenuating circumstances ,
extenuation ,
extenuative ,
exterior paint ,
fable ,
facade ,
face ,
facial appearance ,
faded rose ,
fake ,
fakery ,
faking ,
falling action ,
false air ,
false front ,
false show ,
falsify ,
falsity ,
fast -
dye ,
favor ,
feather ,
feature ,
features ,
feigning ,
feint ,
fiesta ,
fig out ,
fir ,
fire red ,
fix up ,
flag ,
flame ,
flat coat ,
flat wash ,
flavor ,
flax ,
flesh ,
flesh color ,
flesh red ,
floor enamel ,
floridity ,
floridness ,
flourish ,
flower arrangement ,
flush ,
foliage brown ,
form ,
four -
flushing ,
fox ,
fraud ,
fresco ,
front ,
frown ,
fuchsia ,
fuchsine ,
fudge ,
furbish ,
furniture arrangement ,
gaiety ,
gamboge ,
garb ,
garble ,
garnish ,
garnishment ,
garniture ,
garter blue ,
genre ,
genus ,
gild ,
gilding ,
gilt ,
gimmick ,
glare ,
glauconite ,
glaucous ,
glaucous blue ,
glaucous gray ,
glaucous green ,
glaze ,
gloss ,
gloss over ,
glow ,
glower ,
gnarl ,
golden pheasant ,
gonfalon ,
gorgeousness ,
grace ,
grain ,
grape ,
grass green ,
green ocher ,
grege ,
ground ,
grouping ,
grow red ,
growl ,
guise ,
gules ,
gun metal ,
gussy up ,
handle ,
hatch ,
hazel ,
helianthin ,
heliotrope ,
henna ,
high color ,
holly green ,
honey ,
honey yellow ,
hue ,
humbug ,
humbuggery ,
hyacinth ,
hyacinth red ,
identification ,
identity ,
ignore ,
ilk ,
illuminate ,
illumination ,
imbrue ,
imbue ,
imperial purple ,
imposture ,
impregnate ,
incarnadine ,
incident ,
incline ,
indigo ,
indigo white ,
induce ,
infiltrate ,
influence ,
infrared ,
infuse ,
ingrain ,
instill ,
intensity ,
interior paint ,
iron gray ,
iron red ,
isamine blue ,
ivory ,
ivory black ,
jack ,
jade ,
japan ,
jockey ,
jonquil ,
jouvence blue ,
kidney ,
kin ,
kind ,
label ,
lacquer ,
lake ,
lame excuse ,
lampblack ,
lapis lazuli blue ,
lavender ,
lavender blue ,
lay on color ,
lead ,
lead gray ,
leaf green ,
leather ,
leaven ,
lemon chrome ,
lessen ,
light red ,
lilac ,
limn ,
line ,
lineaments ,
lines ,
liver brown ,
livid pink ,
lobster ,
local color ,
locus standi ,
look black ,
look daggers ,
looks ,
lot ,
lower ,
loyalties ,
madder ,
madder blue ,
madder crimson ,
madder lake ,
madder orange ,
madder pink ,
madder rose ,
madder yellow ,
magenta ,
magnify ,
maize ,
make ,
make allowance for ,
malachite green ,
mallow ,
mallow pink ,
mandarin ,
manner ,
mantle ,
maple sugar ,
marigold ,
marine blue ,
mark ,
maroon ,
mask ,
masquerade ,
massicot ,
mauve ,
meadow brook ,
medium ,
melon ,
meretriciousness ,
metanil yellow ,
methyl green ,
methyl orange ,
methyl yellow ,
methylene azure ,
methylene blue ,
mien ,
mignonette ,
milori green ,
mince ,
miscite ,
miscolor ,
misconstrue ,
misdirect ,
misinterpret ,
misquote ,
misrender ,
misreport ,
misrepresent ,
misstate ,
misteach ,
misuse ,
mitigate ,
mitigation ,
mold ,
moleskin ,
monsignor ,
mood ,
moonlight ,
moss green ,
motif ,
mouse gray ,
move ,
movement ,
mulberry ,
mummy ,
murrey ,
myrtle ,
mythos ,
naphthol yellow ,
nature ,
navy ,
navy blue ,
negro ,
neutral tint ,
new blue ,
number ,
ocher brown ,
ocher orange ,
ocher red ,
oil yellow ,
old blue ,
old gold ,
old ivory ,
old red ,
olive ,
olive brown ,
olivesheen ,
opal gray ,
opaque color ,
orange chrome yellow ,
orange lead ,
orange madder ,
orange mineral ,
orange ocher ,
orchid ,
orchid rose ,
oriflamme ,
oriole ,
ornament ,
ornamentation ,
orpiment ,
orpiment red ,
ostensible motive ,
ostentation ,
otter brown ,
outward show ,
overcharge ,
overdraw ,
overpaint ,
overstate ,
oxblood ,
oxide brown ,
pad ,
paint ,
paint a picture ,
painterliness ,
pale ,
palladium red ,
palliate ,
palliation ,
palliative ,
pansy ,
pansy violet ,
parget ,
parody ,
parrot green ,
partridge ,
patina green ,
peach ,
peachblossom pink ,
peacock blue ,
pearl ,
pearl gray ,
pebble ,
pelican ,
pencil ,
penetrate ,
pennant ,
pennon ,
pepper -
and -
salt ,
peripeteia ,
permeate ,
perspective ,
persuade ,
persuasion ,
pervade ,
pervert ,
philamot ,
phosphine ,
phylum ,
physiognomy ,
picture ,
picturize ,
pigment ,
pigmentation ,
pink ,
plan ,
platinum ,
plausibility ,
playacting ,
plot ,
plum ,
plumbago gray ,
pompadour green ,
ponceau ,
pontiff purple ,
poor excuse ,
poppy ,
port ,
portray ,
pose ,
posing ,
position ,
posture ,
powder blue ,
powder gray ,
prank ,
prank up ,
predispose ,
preen ,
presence ,
pretense ,
pretension ,
pretext ,
prettify ,
prime ,
prime coat ,
primer ,
priming ,
primp ,
primp up ,
primrose ,
primuline yellow ,
prink ,
prink up ,
prompt ,
protestation ,
public motive ,
puce ,
pumpkin ,
pure color ,
purple lake ,
purree ,
put -
off ,
put -
on ,
pyrethrum yellow ,
qualification ,
quince yellow ,
race ,
raisin ,
raw sienna ,
raw umber ,
realgar ,
realgar orange ,
recognition ,
red ,
red lead ,
red ocher ,
red pink ,
red race ,
redden ,
reddishness ,
redecorate ,
redness ,
redo ,
refuge ,
refurbish ,
regal purple ,
representation ,
reseda ,
resorcin dark brown ,
richness ,
rising action ,
roan ,
roccellin ,
rose ,
rose pink ,
rouge ,
royal pink ,
royal purple ,
rubine ,
rubor ,
ruby ,
ruddle ,
rufosity ,
russet ,
saffron ,
salmon ,
sand ,
sap green ,
saturate ,
saturation ,
scarlet madder ,
scheme ,
scowl ,
scratch ,
screen ,
scumble ,
sea blue ,
sea -
water green ,
seal ,
season ,
secondary plot ,
seeming ,
semblance ,
serpentine green ,
set off ,
set out ,
shade ,
shading ,
shadow ,
sham ,
shamrock ,
shape ,
shell pink ,
shellac ,
shocking pink ,
show ,
silver ,
simulacrum ,
simulation ,
sketch ,
sky blue ,
slant ,
slop on paint ,
slur over ,
smalt ,
smarten ,
smarten up ,
smear ,
smoke blue ,
smoke gray ,
smoke screen ,
snap ,
snapdragon ,
snarl ,
soft -
pedal ,
soften ,
soften up ,
softening ,
solferino ,
sort ,
species ,
speciousness ,
spit ,
spruce up ,
squirm with self -
consciousness ,
stain ,
stalking -
horse ,
stammel ,
stammer ,
stamp ,
stance ,
stand ,
standard ,
steel blue ,
steel gray ,
steep ,
stencil ,
stil -
de -
grain yellow ,
stipple ,
story ,
strain ,
stratagem ,
straw ,
strawberry ,
streamer ,
stripe ,
structure ,
style ,
subject ,
subplot ,
subterfuge ,
suffuse ,
sulfur ,
sunflower yellow ,
suntan ,
sway ,
switch ,
symbols ,
taint ,
tangerine ,
tartrazine ,
taupe ,
tawny ,
tea rose ,
technique ,
temper ,
tempera ,
tenne ,
terra cotta ,
terra sienna ,
terra umbra ,
terre -
verte ,
the like of ,
the likes of ,
thematic development ,
theme ,
thinner ,
timbre ,
tinct ,
tinction ,
tincture ,
tinge ,
tint ,
titivate ,
toast ,
toluidine red ,
tonality ,
tone ,
tone color ,
tone quality ,
topaz ,
topic ,
torture ,
trace ,
traits ,
transfuse ,
transparent color ,
travesty ,
treatment ,
tribe ,
trick ,
trick out ,
trick up ,
trim ,
trimming ,
trypan blue ,
turn ,
turn color ,
turn pale ,
turn red ,
turpentine ,
turps ,
turquoise ,
twist ,
type ,
ultramarine ,
umber ,
undercoat ,
undercoating ,
understate ,
values ,
variety ,
varnish ,
vehicle ,
veil ,
verd gay ,
verdant green ,
verdet ,
verdigris ,
vermilionette ,
violet ,
viridian ,
viridine green ,
visage ,
vividness ,
warp ,
wash ,
wash coat ,
wear down ,
weigh with ,
white lead ,
whiten ,
whitewash ,
whitewashing ,
window dressing ,
wine ,
wine purple ,
woad ,
work ,
wrench ,
xanthene ,
xanthin ,
yellow madder ,
yellow ocher ,
zaffer ,
zinc orange ,
zinc oxide ,
zinc sulfide ,
zinc white {
colour }
COLOR ,
pleading .
It is of two kinds ,
namely ,
express color ,
and implied color .
2 .
Express color .
This is defined to be a feigned matter ,
pleaded by the defendant ,
in an action of trespass ,
from which the plaintiff seems to have a good cause of action ,
whereas he has in truth only an appearance or color of cause .
The practice of giving express color in pleas ,
obtained in the mixed actions of assize ,
the writ of entry in the nature of assize ,
as well as in the personal action of trespass .
Steph .
on Plead .
230 ;
Bac .
Ab .
Trespass ,
14 .
3 .
It is a general rule in pleading that no man shall be allowed to plead specially such plea as amounts to the general issue ,
or a total denial of the charges contained in the declaration ,
and must in such cases plead the general issue in terms ,
by which the whole question is referred to the jury ;
yet ,
if the defendant in an action of trespass ,
be desirous to refer the validity of his title to the court ,
rather than to the jury ;
he may in his plea stated his title specially ,
by expressly giving color of title to the plaintiff ,
or supposing him to have an appearance of title ,
had indeed in point of law ,
but of which the jury are not competent judges .
3 Bl .
Com .
309 .
Suppose ,
for example ,
that the plaintiff wag in wrongful possession of the close ,
without any further appearance of title than the possession itself ,
at the time of the trespass alleged ,
and that the defendants ,
entered upon him in assertion of their title :
but being unable to set forth this title in the pleading ,
in consequence of the objection that would arise for want of color ,
are driven to plead the general issue of not guilty .
By this plea an issue is produced whether the defendants are -
guilty or not of the trespass ;
but upon the trial of the issue ,
it will be found that the question turns entirely upon a construction of law .
The defendants say they are not guilty of the trespasses ,
because they are not guilty of breaking the close of the plaintiff ,
as alleged in the declaration ;
and that they are not guilty of breaking the close of the plaintiff ,
because they themselves had the property in that close ;
and their title is .
this ,
that the father of one of the defendants being seised of the close in fee ,
gave it in tail to his eldest son ,
remainder in tail to one of the defendants ;
the eldest son was disseised ,
but made continual claim till the death of the disseisor ;
after whose death ,
the descent being cast upon the heir ,
the disseisee entered upon the heir ,
and afterwards died ,
when the remainder took effect in the said defendant who demised to the other defendant .
Now ,
this title involves a legal question ;
namely ,
whether continual claim will no preserve the right of entry in the disseisee ,
notwithstanding a descent cast on the heir of the disseisor . (
See as to this point ,
Continual Claim .)
The issue however is merely not guilty ,
and this is triable by jury ;
and the effect ,
therefore ,
would be ,
that a jury would have to decide this question of law ,
subject to the direction upon it ,
which they would receive from the court .
But ,
let it be supposed that the defendants ,
in a view to the more satisfactory decision of the question ,
wish to bring it under the consideration of the court in bank ,
rather than have it referred to a jury .
If they have any means of setting forth their title specially in the plea ,
the object will be attained ;
for then the plaintiff ,
if disposed to question the sufficiently of the title ,
may demur to the plea ,
and thus refer the question to the decision of the judges .
But such plea if pleaded simply ,
according to the state of the fact ,
would be informal for want of color ;
and hence arises a difficulty .
4 .
The pleaders of former days ,
contrived to overcome this difficulty in the following singular manner .
In such case as that supposed ,
the plea wanting implied color ,
they gave in lieu of it an express one ,
by inserting a fictitious allegation of some colorable title in the plaintiff ,
which they ,
at the same time avoided by the preferable title of the defendant .
S Step .
Pl .
225 Brown '
s Entr .
343 ,
for a form of the plea .
Plowd .
Rep .
22 b .
5 .
Formerly various suggestions of apparent right ,
might be adopted according to the fancy of the pleader ;
and though the same latitude is ,
perhaps ,
still available ,
yet ,
in practice ,
it is unusual to resort to any except certain known fictions ,
which long usage has applied to the particular case for example ,
in trespass to land ,
the color universally given is that of a defective charter of the demise .
See ,
in general ,
2 Saund .
410 ;
10 Co .
88 ;
Cro .
Eliz .
76 ;
1 East ,
215 ;
Doct .
Pl .
17 ;
Doct . &
Stud .
lib .
2 ,
c .
53 ;
Bac .
Abr .
Pleas ,
I 8 ;
Trespass ,
I 4 ;
1 Chit .
Pl .
500 Steph .
on Pl .
220 .
6 .
Implied color .
That in pleading which admits by implication ,
an apparent right in the opposite party ,
and avoids it by pleading some new matter by which that apparent right is defeated .
Steph .
Pl .
225 .
7 .
It is a rule that every pleading by way of confession and avoidance ,
must give color ;
that is ,
it must admit an apparent right in the opposite party ,
and rely ,
therefore ,
on some new matter by which that apparent right is defeated .
For example ,
where the defendant pleads a release to an action for breach of covenant ,
the tendency of the plea is to admit an apparent right in the plaintiff ,
namely ,
that the defendant did ,
as alleged in the declaration ,
execute the deed and break the covenant therein contained ,
and would therefore ,
prima facie ,
be liable on that ground ;
but shows new matter not before disclosed ,
by which that apparent right is done away ,
namely ,
that the plaintiff executed to him a release .
Again ,
if the plaintiff reply that Such release was obtained by duress ,
in his ,
replication ,
he impliedly admits that the defendant has ,
prima facie ,
a good defence ,
namely ,
that such release was executed as alleged in the plea ;
and that the defendant therefore would be discharged ;
but relies on new matter by which the plea is avoided ,
namely ,
that the release was obtained by duress .
The plea ,
in this case ,
therefore ,
gives color to the declaration ,
and the replication ,
to the plea .
But let it be supposed that the plaintiff has replied ,
that the release was executed by him ,
but to another person ,
and not to the defendant ;
this would be an informal replication wanting color ;
because ,
if the release were not to the defendant there would not exist even an apparent defence ,
requiring the allegation of new matter to avoid it ,
and the plea might be sufficiently answered by a traverse ,
denying that the deed stated in the plea is the deed of the plaintiff .
See Steph .
Pl .
220 ;
1 Chit .
Pl .
498 ;
Lawes ,
Civ .
Pl .
126 ;
Arch .
Pl .
211 ;
Doct .
Pl .
17 ;
4 Vin .
Abr .
552 ;
Bac .
Abr .
Pleas , &
e .
I 8 ;
Com .
Dig .
Pleader ,
3 M 40 ,
3 -
M 41 .
See an example of giving color in pleading in the Roman law ,
Inst .
lib .
4 ,
tit 14 ,
De replicantionibus .
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